Jazz Improvisation Guide

1. Harmonizing a Melody (Chord Building)

Key approaches to harmonizing existing melodies:
Melody Note Role Possible Chord Options
As Root (1) Maj7, 7, m7, m7b5
As Third (3) V7 (if major 3rd), iiø7 (if minor 3rd)
As Fifth (5) IIm7, bIIImaj7
As Seventh (7) IVmaj7 (major 7), bVII7 (minor 7)
Tip: Always consider the broader harmonic context and where the melody is leading.

2. Creating Melodies Over Chord Changes

Approach strategies:
Chord Type Scale Choices
Maj7 Major scale, Lydian
7 Mixolydian, Bebop dominant
m7 Dorian, Natural minor
m7b5 Locrian, Half-diminished
Remember: Space is as important as notes. Use rests to create rhythmic interest.

3. Playing Outside

Techniques for playing "outside":
Technique Application
Side-slipping Play in Db over C7, resolve to C
Superimposition Play B7 over G7, creating alt tensions
Upper Structures Play D major triad over C7 (7, 9, #11)
Always have a clear path back "inside" - the resolution is key.

4. Building and Releasing Tension

Methods to create tension:
Tension Type Resolution Approach
Harmonic Resolve altered notes to chord tones
Rhythmic Return to strong beats or original time feel
Melodic Lead to target notes or phrase endings
Build tension gradually - sudden tension can sound jarring.

5. Modulation Techniques

Common modulation approaches:
Modulation Type Example
Pivot Chord Use Am7 as ii in G, then iv in E
Common Tone Use G as 5 in C, then 3 in Eb
Chromatic Use secondary dominants as bridges
Practice modulating to all 12 keys using each method.

6. Additional Essential Concepts

Important supplementary skills:
Concept Practice Approach
Voice Leading Practice guide tone lines through changes
Motivic Development Take one idea, develop it through the form
Rhythmic Control Practice phrases starting on different beats
Record yourself and analyze your playing regularly.